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This advisory circular (AC) highlights the inherent risk that controlled
flight into terrain (CFIT) poses for general aviation (GA) pilots. This
AC includes the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) common definition
of the term CFIT, identifies some, but not all, of the risks associated
with GA CFIT accidents, and provides some recommendations and strategies
to combat CFIT within the GA community. This AC is not an all-inclusive
document on CFIT; rather, this AC is designed to help flight instructors,
FAA Aviation Safety Program Managers, and other trainers develop CFIT
training materials by identifying some of the factors involved in GA
CFIT accidents. Some common references are included to aid instructors
in preparing CFIT presentations. Pilots can benefit from reading this AC
to check their own knowledge of CFIT and factors involved to avoid having
a GA CFIT accident. This AC will break the study of GA CFIT into three broad
categories. One will focus on visual flight rules (VFR) pilots without an
instrument rating operating in marginal VFR weather conditions (visual
meteorological conditions (VMC)) or instrument flight rules (IFR) weather
conditions (instrument meteorological conditions (IMC)) commonly known as
"scud running." The second category will focus on GA IFR operations
in IMC conditions on an IFR flight. The third category will focus on low-flying
aircraft operating in VFR conditions. This AC does not address CFIT in Title 14
of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 121 or part 135 operations.
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